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History of Islam : Daulat Umayah II (661-750 AD)

History of Islam : Daulat Umayah II (661-750 AD)
The power that Muawiyah built for the Umayyad Emperor begins with a black stain. Muawiyah rebellion against the Caliph Ali who gave birth to the Shiffin War caused about 80 thousand people were killed. Badri Orphan, in the book 'History of Islamic Civilization' mentioned: "Muawiyah caliphate obtained through violence, diplomacy and deceit, not by election or majority vote." Practices that are contrary to the true Islamic values.

Muawiyah appointed his son, Yazid, as his successor. Such a way is not known to Islam in the election of state leaders. Society rebelled. Some raised Hussein's son Ali as caliph. Through fraud, Yazid destroyed Hussein's camp. Hussein, who planned to fulfill Muawiyah's peaceful call, was murdered. In the field of Karbala, Hussein was beheaded. His head was brought to Damascus.

Abdullah son of Zubair also did not recognize the caliphate of Yazid. Abdullah is based in Mecca. The royal army at the time of Khalifah Abdul Malik then invaded Mecca. The Zubair family was destroyed. Abdullah died in battle in 73 H or 692 AD.

In Muawiyah's time, power widened to the West to Tunisia which was across from Italy. In the East, the territory has reached all of Afghanistan now. Marine expeditions repeatedly stormed into Byzantium, but failed to conquer the Romans. The area was later expanded by Khalifah Abdul Malik. Central Asia areas such as Bukhara, Khawarizm, Ferghana to Samarkand they controlled. The Umayyad troop even the Sind and Punjab regions of India and Pakistan.

The most monumental breakthrough occurred in Gibraltar, Spain, at the time of the Caliph Walid. The whole of North Africa - including Algeria and Morocco - they are in control. In 711 AD, War Commander Thariq bin Ziyad led troops across the strait from Morocco to the Spanish plains of Europe. The Spanish capital soon they mastered. Similarly other cities like Seville, Elvira and Toledo. The whole of Spain became the territory of the Umayyad Empire.

At the time of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz, the army of the Umayyads under the command of Commander Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al-Ghafiqi, moved from Spain to France. After passing through the mountains of Piranee, they controlled the Bordeau, Poitiers and were about to advance to the city of Tours. In this place there was a battle that killed Al-Ghafiqi. The army retreated to Spain.

With a vast range of territories, in the 8th century AD, the Umayyads were the greatest power in the world. The other great powers were the Tang Dynasty in China and the Roman region centered in Constantinople. To the Umayyad territory that Islam then spread rapidly.

Yet it is an impossibility to maintain such a vast area constantly. Moreover, the community then lost his respect for the Caliphate. Rebellion appeared here and there. The strongest is the rebellion by Abdullah Asy-Syafah, or Abu Abbas. He descended from Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib-the Apostle of the Prophet. He is supported by the Hashim family-a family that continues to fight with the Umayyad Family. The Shi'a-the supporters of Ali's fanaticism-also supported this movement.

Abu Abbas then allied with a powerful figure, Abu Muslim of Khurasan. In 750 AD they succeeded in overthrowing the Umayyads. The last Caliph, Marwan bin Muhammad, fled to Egypt but was caught and killed there. The end of Umayyad's rule, although his descendants succeeded in building the second Umayyad in Spain.

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